The impact of residual infections on Anopheles-transmitted Wuchereria bancrofti after multiple rounds of mass drug administration
Identifieur interne : 001714 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001713; suivant : 001715The impact of residual infections on Anopheles-transmitted Wuchereria bancrofti after multiple rounds of mass drug administration
Auteurs : Dziedzom K. De Souza [Ghana] ; Rashid Ansumana [Royaume-Uni, Sierra Leone] ; Santigie Sessay [Sierra Leone] ; Abu Conteh [Sierra Leone] ; Benjamin Koudou [Royaume-Uni] ; Maria P. Rebollo [États-Unis] ; Joseph Koroma [Royaume-Uni] ; Daniel A. Boakye [Ghana] ; Moses J. Bockarie [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Parasites & Vectors [ 1756-3305 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Animaux, Anopheles (parasitologie), Antihelminthiques (administration et posologie), Enfant, Femelle, Filariose lymphatique (parasitologie), Filariose lymphatique (traitement médicamenteux), Filariose lymphatique (transmission), Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie), Humains, Jeune adulte, Maladies endémiques, Mâle, Sierra Leone (épidémiologie), Sujet âgé, Vecteurs insectes (parasitologie), Wuchereria bancrofti (), Wuchereria bancrofti (physiologie).
- MESH :
- administration et posologie : Antihelminthiques.
- parasitologie : Anopheles, Filariose lymphatique, Vecteurs insectes.
- physiologie : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- traitement médicamenteux : Filariose lymphatique.
- épidémiologie : Filariose lymphatique, Sierra Leone.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Animaux, Enfant, Femelle, Humains, Jeune adulte, Maladies endémiques, Mâle, Sujet âgé, Wuchereria bancrofti.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Sierra Leone.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Anopheles (parasitology), Anthelmintics (administration & dosage), Child, Elephantiasis, Filarial (drug therapy), Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (parasitology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (transmission), Endemic Diseases, Female, Humans, Insect Vectors (parasitology), Male, Middle Aged, Sierra Leone (epidemiology), Wuchereria bancrofti (drug effects), Wuchereria bancrofti (physiology), Young Adult.
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Anthelmintics.
- geographic , epidemiology : Sierra Leone.
- drug effects : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- drug therapy : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- epidemiology : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- parasitology : Anopheles, Elephantiasis, Filarial, Insect Vectors.
- physiology : Wuchereria bancrofti.
- transmission : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Child, Endemic Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult.
Abstract
Many countries have made significant progress in the implementation of World Health Organization recommended preventive chemotherapy strategy, to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF). However, pertinent challenges such as the existence of areas of residual infections in disease endemic districts pose potential threats to the achievements made. Thus, this study was undertaken to assess the importance of these areas in implementation units (districts) where microfilaria (MF) positive individuals could not be found during the mid-term assessment after three rounds of mass drug administration.
This study was undertaken in Bo and Pujehun, two LF endemic districts of Sierra Leone, with baseline MF prevalence of 2 % and 0 % respectively in sentinel sites for monitoring impact of the national programme. Study communities in the districts were purposefully selected and an assessment of LF infection prevalence was conducted together with entomological investigations undertaken to determine the existence of areas with residual MF that could enable transmission by local vectors. The transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) protocol described by WHO was applied in the two districts to determine infection of LF in 6–7 year old children who were born before MDA against LF started.
The results indicated the presence of MF infected children in Pujehun district.
Residual infection was detected after three rounds of MDA in Pujehun – a district of 0 % Mf prevalence at the sentinel site. Nevertheless, our results showed that the transmission was contained in a small area. With the scale up of vector control in
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1091-z
PubMed: 26399968
PubMed Central: 4581406
Affiliations:
- Ghana, Royaume-Uni, Sierra Leone, États-Unis
- Région du Grand Accra
- Accra, Legon (Ghana)
- Université du Ghana
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000E04
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000E03
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000D86
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 000C27
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 000C27
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 000C27
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 007926
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 007926
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 007926
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 001716
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 001714
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The impact of residual infections on <italic>Anopheles</italic>
-transmitted <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
after multiple rounds of mass drug administration</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Souza, Dziedzom K" sort="De Souza, Dziedzom K" uniqKey="De Souza D" first="Dziedzom K." last="De Souza">Dziedzom K. De Souza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement>
<region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ansumana, Rashid" sort="Ansumana, Rashid" uniqKey="Ansumana R" first="Rashid" last="Ansumana">Rashid Ansumana</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory, Bo, Sierra Leone</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sierra Leone</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory, Bo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sessay, Santigie" sort="Sessay, Santigie" uniqKey="Sessay S" first="Santigie" last="Sessay">Santigie Sessay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sierra Leone</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Freetown</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Conteh, Abu" sort="Conteh, Abu" uniqKey="Conteh A" first="Abu" last="Conteh">Abu Conteh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sierra Leone</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Freetown</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koudou, Benjamin" sort="Koudou, Benjamin" uniqKey="Koudou B" first="Benjamin" last="Koudou">Benjamin Koudou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rebollo, Maria P" sort="Rebollo, Maria P" uniqKey="Rebollo M" first="Maria P." last="Rebollo">Maria P. Rebollo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Task Force for Global health, Atlanta, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Task Force for Global health, Atlanta</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Atlanta</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koroma, Joseph" sort="Koroma, Joseph" uniqKey="Koroma J" first="Joseph" last="Koroma">Joseph Koroma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel A" sort="Boakye, Daniel A" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel A." last="Boakye">Daniel A. Boakye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement>
<region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J." last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">26399968</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4581406</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4581406</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4581406</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1186/s13071-015-1091-z</idno>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000E04</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000E04</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000E03</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000E03</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000D86</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000D86</idno>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000C27</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000C27</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000C27</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000C27</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000C27</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000C27</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">007926</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">007926</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">007926</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001716</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001714</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001714</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The impact of residual infections on <italic>Anopheles</italic>
-transmitted <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
after multiple rounds of mass drug administration</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Souza, Dziedzom K" sort="De Souza, Dziedzom K" uniqKey="De Souza D" first="Dziedzom K." last="De Souza">Dziedzom K. De Souza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement>
<region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ansumana, Rashid" sort="Ansumana, Rashid" uniqKey="Ansumana R" first="Rashid" last="Ansumana">Rashid Ansumana</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory, Bo, Sierra Leone</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sierra Leone</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory, Bo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sessay, Santigie" sort="Sessay, Santigie" uniqKey="Sessay S" first="Santigie" last="Sessay">Santigie Sessay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sierra Leone</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Freetown</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Conteh, Abu" sort="Conteh, Abu" uniqKey="Conteh A" first="Abu" last="Conteh">Abu Conteh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sierra Leone</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Freetown</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koudou, Benjamin" sort="Koudou, Benjamin" uniqKey="Koudou B" first="Benjamin" last="Koudou">Benjamin Koudou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rebollo, Maria P" sort="Rebollo, Maria P" uniqKey="Rebollo M" first="Maria P." last="Rebollo">Maria P. Rebollo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Task Force for Global health, Atlanta, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Task Force for Global health, Atlanta</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Atlanta</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koroma, Joseph" sort="Koroma, Joseph" uniqKey="Koroma J" first="Joseph" last="Koroma">Joseph Koroma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel A" sort="Boakye, Daniel A" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel A." last="Boakye">Daniel A. Boakye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement>
<region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J." last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Parasites & Vectors</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1756-3305</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Anopheles (parasitology)</term>
<term>Anthelmintics (administration & dosage)</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (parasitology)</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (transmission)</term>
<term>Endemic Diseases</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Insect Vectors (parasitology)</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Sierra Leone (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti (drug effects)</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti (physiology)</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Anopheles (parasitologie)</term>
<term>Antihelminthiques (administration et posologie)</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique (parasitologie)</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique (transmission)</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Maladies endémiques</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Sierra Leone (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>Vecteurs insectes (parasitologie)</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti ()</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti (physiologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Anthelmintics</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Sierra Leone</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="administration et posologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antihelminthiques</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anopheles</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique</term>
<term>Vecteurs insectes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Anopheles</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
<term>Insect Vectors</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term>
<term>Sierra Leone</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Endemic Diseases</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Maladies endémiques</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sierra Leone</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Many countries have made significant progress in the implementation of World Health Organization recommended preventive chemotherapy strategy, to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF). However, pertinent challenges such as the existence of areas of residual infections in disease endemic districts pose potential threats to the achievements made. Thus, this study was undertaken to assess the importance of these areas in implementation units (districts) where microfilaria (MF) positive individuals could not be found during the mid-term assessment after three rounds of mass drug administration.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>This study was undertaken in Bo and Pujehun, two LF endemic districts of Sierra Leone, with baseline MF prevalence of 2 % and 0 % respectively in sentinel sites for monitoring impact of the national programme. Study communities in the districts were purposefully selected and an assessment of LF infection prevalence was conducted together with entomological investigations undertaken to determine the existence of areas with residual MF that could enable transmission by local vectors. The transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) protocol described by WHO was applied in the two districts to determine infection of LF in 6–7 year old children who were born before MDA against LF started.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>The results indicated the presence of MF infected children in Pujehun district. <italic>An. gambiae</italic>
collected in the district were also positive for <italic>W. bancrofti</italic>
, even though the prevalence of infection was below the threshold associated with active transmission.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Residual infection was detected after three rounds of MDA in Pujehun – a district of 0 % Mf prevalence at the sentinel site. Nevertheless, our results showed that the transmission was contained in a small area. With the scale up of vector control in <italic>Anopheles</italic>
transmission zones, some areas of residual infection may not pose a serious threat for the resurgence of LF if the prevalence of infections observed during TAS are below the threshold required for active transmission of the parasite. However, robust surveillance strategies capable of detecting residual infections must be implemented, together with entomological assessments to determine if ongoing vector control activities, biting rates and infection rates of the vectors can support the transmission of the disease. Furthermore, in areas where mid-term assessments reveal MF prevalence below 1 % or 2 % antigen level, in <italic>Anopheles</italic>
transmission areas with active and effective malaria vector control efforts, the minimum 5 rounds of MDA may not be required before implementing TAS. Thus, we propose a modification of the WHO recommendation for the timing of sentinel and spot-check site assessments in national programs.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Njomo, Dw" uniqKey="Njomo D">DW Njomo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mukoko, Da" uniqKey="Mukoko D">DA Mukoko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nyamongo, Nk" uniqKey="Nyamongo N">NK Nyamongo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karanja, J" uniqKey="Karanja J">J Karanja</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weerasooriya, M" uniqKey="Weerasooriya M">M Weerasooriya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yahathugoda, C" uniqKey="Yahathugoda C">C Yahathugoda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wickramasinghe, D" uniqKey="Wickramasinghe D">D Wickramasinghe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gunawardena, K" uniqKey="Gunawardena K">K Gunawardena</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dharmadasa, R" uniqKey="Dharmadasa R">R Dharmadasa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vidanapathirana, K" uniqKey="Vidanapathirana K">K Vidanapathirana</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Swaminathan, S" uniqKey="Swaminathan S">S Swaminathan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perumal, V" uniqKey="Perumal V">V Perumal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adinarayanan, S" uniqKey="Adinarayanan S">S Adinarayanan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaliannagounder, K" uniqKey="Kaliannagounder K">K Kaliannagounder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rengachari, R" uniqKey="Rengachari R">R Rengachari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Purushothaman, J" uniqKey="Purushothaman J">J Purushothaman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rao, Ru" uniqKey="Rao R">RU Rao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nagodavithana, Kc" uniqKey="Nagodavithana K">KC Nagodavithana</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Samarasekera, Sd" uniqKey="Samarasekera S">SD Samarasekera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wijegunawardana, Ad" uniqKey="Wijegunawardana A">AD Wijegunawardana</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Premakumara, Wdy" uniqKey="Premakumara W">WDY Premakumara</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perera, Sn" uniqKey="Perera S">SN Perera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brady, M" uniqKey="Brady M">M Brady</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harb, M" uniqKey="Harb M">M Harb</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faris, R" uniqKey="Faris R">R Faris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gad, Am" uniqKey="Gad A">AM Gad</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hafez, On" uniqKey="Hafez O">ON Hafez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramzy, Rm" uniqKey="Ramzy R">RM Ramzy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sunish, Ip" uniqKey="Sunish I">IP Sunish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rajendran, R" uniqKey="Rajendran R">R Rajendran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mani, Tr" uniqKey="Mani T">TR Mani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munirathinam, A" uniqKey="Munirathinam A">A Munirathinam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tewari, Sc" uniqKey="Tewari S">SC Tewari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hiriyan, J" uniqKey="Hiriyan J">J Hiriyan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koroma, Jb" uniqKey="Koroma J">JB Koroma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sesay, S" uniqKey="Sesay S">S Sesay</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sonnie, M" uniqKey="Sonnie M">M Sonnie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hodges, Mh" uniqKey="Hodges M">MH Hodges</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sahr, F" uniqKey="Sahr F">F Sahr</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y Zhang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koroma, J" uniqKey="Koroma J">J Koroma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bangura, M" uniqKey="Bangura M">M Bangura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hodges, M" uniqKey="Hodges M">M Hodges</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bah, M" uniqKey="Bah M">M Bah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bockarie, M" uniqKey="Bockarie M">M Bockarie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hodges, Me" uniqKey="Hodges M">ME Hodges</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koroma, Jb" uniqKey="Koroma J">JB Koroma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sonnie, M" uniqKey="Sonnie M">M Sonnie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kennedy, N" uniqKey="Kennedy N">N Kennedy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cotter, E" uniqKey="Cotter E">E Cotter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Macarthur, C" uniqKey="Macarthur C">C MacArthur</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bennett, A" uniqKey="Bennett A">A Bennett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Sj" uniqKey="Smith S">SJ Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yambasu, S" uniqKey="Yambasu S">S Yambasu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jambai, A" uniqKey="Jambai A">A Jambai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alemu, W" uniqKey="Alemu W">W Alemu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kabano, A" uniqKey="Kabano A">A Kabano</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gerstl, S" uniqKey="Gerstl S">S Gerstl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dunkley, S" uniqKey="Dunkley S">S Dunkley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mukhtar, A" uniqKey="Mukhtar A">A Mukhtar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maes, P" uniqKey="Maes P">P Maes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Smet, M" uniqKey="De Smet M">M De Smet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baker, S" uniqKey="Baker S">S Baker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dunyo, Sk" uniqKey="Dunyo S">SK Dunyo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nkrumah, Fk" uniqKey="Nkrumah F">FK Nkrumah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dunyo, Sk" uniqKey="Dunyo S">SK Dunyo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nkrumah, Fk" uniqKey="Nkrumah F">FK Nkrumah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Souza, Dk" uniqKey="De Souza D">DK de Souza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koudou, B" uniqKey="Koudou B">B Koudou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kelly Hope, L" uniqKey="Kelly Hope L">L Kelly-Hope</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilson, Md" uniqKey="Wilson M">MD Wilson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Mj" uniqKey="Bockarie M">MJ Bockarie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boakye, Da" uniqKey="Boakye D">DA Boakye</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cano, J" uniqKey="Cano J">J Cano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rebollo, M" uniqKey="Rebollo M">M Rebollo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Golding, N" uniqKey="Golding N">N Golding</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pullan, R" uniqKey="Pullan R">R Pullan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crellen, T" uniqKey="Crellen T">T Crellen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soler, A" uniqKey="Soler A">A Soler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kazura, Jw" uniqKey="Kazura J">JW Kazura</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Mj" uniqKey="Bockarie M">MJ Bockarie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Slater, Hc" uniqKey="Slater H">HC Slater</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gambhir, M" uniqKey="Gambhir M">M Gambhir</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Parham, Pe" uniqKey="Parham P">PE Parham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Michael, E" uniqKey="Michael E">E Michael</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sodahlon, Yk" uniqKey="Sodahlon Y">YK Sodahlon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dorkenoo, Am" uniqKey="Dorkenoo A">AM Dorkenoo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morgah, K" uniqKey="Morgah K">K Morgah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nabiliou, K" uniqKey="Nabiliou K">K Nabiliou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agbo, K" uniqKey="Agbo K">K Agbo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miller, R" uniqKey="Miller R">R Miller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Souza, Dk" uniqKey="De Souza D">DK de Souza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sesay, S" uniqKey="Sesay S">S Sesay</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, Mg" uniqKey="Moore M">MG Moore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ansumana, R" uniqKey="Ansumana R">R Ansumana</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Narh, Ca" uniqKey="Narh C">CA Narh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kollie, K" uniqKey="Kollie K">K Kollie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramzy, Rmr" uniqKey="Ramzy R">RMR Ramzy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farid, Ha" uniqKey="Farid H">HA Farid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kamal, Ih" uniqKey="Kamal I">IH Kamal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ibrahim, Gh" uniqKey="Ibrahim G">GH Ibrahim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morsy, Zs" uniqKey="Morsy Z">ZS Morsy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Takagi, H" uniqKey="Takagi H">H Takagi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Itoh, M" uniqKey="Itoh M">M Itoh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kasai, S" uniqKey="Kasai S">S Kasai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yahathugoda, Tc" uniqKey="Yahathugoda T">TC Yahathugoda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weerasooriya, Mv" uniqKey="Weerasooriya M">MV Weerasooriya</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Katholi, C" uniqKey="Katholi C">C Katholi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toe, L" uniqKey="Toe L">L Toé</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Merriweather, A" uniqKey="Merriweather A">A Merriweather</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Unnasch, T" uniqKey="Unnasch T">T Unnasch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rebollo, Mp" uniqKey="Rebollo M">MP Rebollo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mohammed, Ka" uniqKey="Mohammed K">KA Mohammed</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, B" uniqKey="Thomas B">B Thomas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ame, S" uniqKey="Ame S">S Ame</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ali, Sm" uniqKey="Ali S">SM Ali</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cano, J" uniqKey="Cano J">J Cano</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Mj" uniqKey="Bockarie M">MJ Bockarie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Service, Mw" uniqKey="Service M">MW Service</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barnish, G" uniqKey="Barnish G">G Barnish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maude, Gh" uniqKey="Maude G">GH Maude</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greenwood, Bm" uniqKey="Greenwood B">BM Greenwood</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Mj" uniqKey="Bockarie M">MJ Bockarie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Service, Mw" uniqKey="Service M">MW Service</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toure, Yt" uniqKey="Toure Y">YT Toure</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Traore, S" uniqKey="Traore S">S Traore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barnish, G" uniqKey="Barnish G">G Barnish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greenwood, Bm" uniqKey="Greenwood B">BM Greenwood</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Mj" uniqKey="Bockarie M">MJ Bockarie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Mj" uniqKey="Bockarie M">MJ Bockarie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Service, Mw" uniqKey="Service M">MW Service</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barnish, G" uniqKey="Barnish G">G Barnish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toure, Yt" uniqKey="Toure Y">YT Toure</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schmaedick, Ma" uniqKey="Schmaedick M">MA Schmaedick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koppel, Al" uniqKey="Koppel A">AL Koppel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pilotte, N" uniqKey="Pilotte N">N Pilotte</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Torres, M" uniqKey="Torres M">M Torres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Williams, Sa" uniqKey="Williams S">SA Williams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dobson, Sl" uniqKey="Dobson S">SL Dobson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Farid, Ha" uniqKey="Farid H">HA Farid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morsy, Zs" uniqKey="Morsy Z">ZS Morsy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Helmy, H" uniqKey="Helmy H">H Helmy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramzy, Rm" uniqKey="Ramzy R">RM Ramzy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Setouhy, M" uniqKey="El Setouhy M">M El Setouhy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weil, Gj" uniqKey="Weil G">GJ Weil</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Webber, Rh" uniqKey="Webber R">RH Webber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Southgate, Ba" uniqKey="Southgate B">BA Southgate</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, M" uniqKey="Bockarie M">M Bockarie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kelly Hope, La" uniqKey="Kelly Hope L">LA Kelly-Hope</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Molyneux, Dh" uniqKey="Molyneux D">DH Molyneux</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Mj" uniqKey="Bockarie M">MJ Bockarie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Amuzu, H" uniqKey="Amuzu H">H Amuzu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilson, M" uniqKey="Wilson M">M Wilson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boakye, D" uniqKey="Boakye D">D Boakye</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boakye, D" uniqKey="Boakye D">D Boakye</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilson, M" uniqKey="Wilson M">M Wilson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Appawu, M" uniqKey="Appawu M">M Appawu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gyapong, J" uniqKey="Gyapong J">J Gyapong</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coulibaly, Yi" uniqKey="Coulibaly Y">YI Coulibaly</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dembele, B" uniqKey="Dembele B">B Dembele</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diallo, Aa" uniqKey="Diallo A">AA Diallo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Konate, S" uniqKey="Konate S">S Konate’</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dolo, H" uniqKey="Dolo H">H Dolo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coulibaly, Sy" uniqKey="Coulibaly S">SY Coulibaly</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Jian, S" uniqKey="De Jian S">S De-jian</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu Li, D" uniqKey="Xu Li D">D Xu-li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ji Hui, D" uniqKey="Ji Hui D">D Ji-hui</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shi, Zj" uniqKey="Shi Z">ZJ Shi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Ghana</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Sierra Leone</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Région du Grand Accra</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Accra</li>
<li>Legon (Ghana)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université du Ghana</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Ghana"><region name="Région du Grand Accra"><name sortKey="De Souza, Dziedzom K" sort="De Souza, Dziedzom K" uniqKey="De Souza D" first="Dziedzom K." last="De Souza">Dziedzom K. De Souza</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel A" sort="Boakye, Daniel A" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel A." last="Boakye">Daniel A. Boakye</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ansumana, Rashid" sort="Ansumana, Rashid" uniqKey="Ansumana R" first="Rashid" last="Ansumana">Rashid Ansumana</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J." last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name>
<name sortKey="Koroma, Joseph" sort="Koroma, Joseph" uniqKey="Koroma J" first="Joseph" last="Koroma">Joseph Koroma</name>
<name sortKey="Koudou, Benjamin" sort="Koudou, Benjamin" uniqKey="Koudou B" first="Benjamin" last="Koudou">Benjamin Koudou</name>
</country>
<country name="Sierra Leone"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ansumana, Rashid" sort="Ansumana, Rashid" uniqKey="Ansumana R" first="Rashid" last="Ansumana">Rashid Ansumana</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Conteh, Abu" sort="Conteh, Abu" uniqKey="Conteh A" first="Abu" last="Conteh">Abu Conteh</name>
<name sortKey="Sessay, Santigie" sort="Sessay, Santigie" uniqKey="Sessay S" first="Santigie" last="Sessay">Santigie Sessay</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rebollo, Maria P" sort="Rebollo, Maria P" uniqKey="Rebollo M" first="Maria P." last="Rebollo">Maria P. Rebollo</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/LymphedemaV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001714 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 001714 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Sante |area= LymphedemaV1 |flux= Main |étape= Exploration |type= RBID |clé= PMC:4581406 |texte= The impact of residual infections on Anopheles-transmitted Wuchereria bancrofti after multiple rounds of mass drug administration }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26399968" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LymphedemaV1
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |